Beta Cell Toxicity

Discuss the relationship between B-cell toxicity and diabetes type II; what is the role of activated oxygen species? Type II diabetes, non-insulin dependent, is a progressive disease characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic B-cell exalt apoptosis which result in hyperglycaemia (Mahan, Escott-Stump, & Ramond, 2012). The resulting hyperglycemia induces, and is exacerbated by irreversible B-cell toxicity, which furthers the damaging effects of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion (Mahan et al., 2012). This is supported by Robertoson, Takahashi, Tanaka, and Tran (2003), whose research indicated that hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes is a secondary cause of beta-cell toxicity. B-cell toxicity develops over protracted exposure to high glucose concentration and results in damage to cellular components of insulin production that effect insulin concentration and secretion (Robertson et al., 2003). Robertson et al. found that the thingamabob o f B-cell glucose toxicity involves pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1), a vital regulator of insulin promoter activity. Roberson follow in vivo, that Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats lost islet B-cell deoxyribonucleic stinging binding activity of PDX-1 and insulin gene expression as they increasingly developed more severe hyperglycemia.

In the same study, Roberson in like manner observed that PDX-1 and insulin were preserved, and glycemic control was improved when the ZDF rats were hard-boiled with either an antioxidant or lowered blood glucose levels. These findings suggest that B-cell toxicity is also a consequence of oxidative stress. Chronic oxidative stress end-to-end th e body is often associated with hyperglycemi! a because the spendthrift glucose concentrations form reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased ROS is common in the pathogenesis of diabetes (Drews, Krippeit-Drews, & Dufer, 2010). B-cells atomic number 18 especially at risk as a grade for ROS. They have curiously low antioxidant defense capacity because they...If you urgency to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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