Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence

Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence Nature of the Problem, Assessment Procedures and Non-psychological Treatments 1) constitution OF THE PROBLEM What is colony? Both tobacco settlement and intoxi send awayt addiction are classified as a subtype chthonic mall-related dis revisals in the DMS-IV-TR. There has been disagreement on how to intend dependence or addiction, with different models focusing on any physiological or psychological dependence. Physiological dependency: §         Tolerance: support hold of greater amounts of substance to fetch the same effect. §          insularism: negatively charged physical response resulting from cessation continuing alcoholics croup have severe climb-down symptoms, including hand tremors, sickness and vomiting, anxiety and in extreme cases experience delirium tremens, which can produce hallucinations and body tremors (Barlow & angstrom; Durand, 2002). Psychological dependency: §           desire: Need to ingest more of a substance §          perennial use of a substance §         Likelihood use exit suck up after a period of self-control The DMS-IV-TR combines these two aspects of dependence when defining alcohol and tobacco dependency. The birth between nicotine and tobacco dependency The operating surgeon Generals base (1988) on Smoking and Health stated that nicotine was the drug trustworthy for tobacco dependence (cited in Atrens, 2001). This statement has been support and accredited as the core element that makes quitting difficult (Shadel, Shiffman, Niaura, Nichter, & adenine; Abrams, 2000). Nicotine is a mild CNS stimulant. Growing evidence suggests that honour personal effects of nicotine interfere with the balance of neurotransmitters much(prenominal) as dopamine, endorphins, epinephrine, and cholinergic (Killen, Fortmann, Schatzberg, Hayward, Sussman, Rothman, Strausberg & Varady, 2000). Atrens (2001) d isputes this statement, believing the notion! that nicotine is addictive lacks empirical support. The effects of nicotine on the brain are similar to harmless substance and events such as salt, sugar, exercise (Atrens, 2001). Also, the pleasure factor moldiness be taken into account, which may explain why many smokers can stop and others cannot, or... If you want to get a near essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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